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The standard critique of Chamberlain is that he failed to understand what was actually going on in Hitler's mind--that Hitler was intent on further aggression and that appeasement wouldn't stop him. Successfully employing cognitive empathy means understanding what's going on in people's minds. So Chamberlain (and the world) would have been better off if he'd been better at cognitive empathy, right?

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Undoubtably! The "war monger" Churchill had a much keener appreciation of Hitler's motives and aims than did Chamberlain (and quite a few others). I suggest that the first law of cognitive empathy ought to be "Really pay attention--deep, careful attention--to what the other says, whether in words or in writing, if you want to gain a deep understanding of their thoughts and likely actions. I suspect WSC read MEIN KAMPF & that Chamberlain didn't.

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